Cataract is one of the main causes of reversible blindness worldwide, while phacoemulsification remains the gold-standard surgical treatment for it. Despite this procedure’s availability and high safety profile, patients’ understanding of the disease, the course of treatment, and the postoperative recovery period may still be insufficient. This study aims to assess the awareness and level of knowledge among patients who have qualified for cataract removal by phacoemulsification. Based on a questionnaire of 31 items, administered to 104 patients, it was found that only about 60% of their answers were correct, 14% were incorrect, and 26% were “I do not know.” These findings indicate that even after multiple ophthalmic consultations and preoperative assessments, patients continue to have difficulty assimilating key information about the disease and its treatment. The data obtained highlights the need to introduce more effective, multi-stage, patient education methods to improve their understanding of cataract and increase engagement in their treatment.