Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of diseases associated with type 2 inflammatory responses, such as atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. With the increasing use of this therapy, adverse effects are being reported more frequently, including those affecting the visual system, collectively referred to as dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease. Dupilumab acts by blocking IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, which leads to the inhibition of the type 2 inflammatory response. Disruption of the IL-13 pathway can impair goblet cell function and disturb tear-film homeostasis. The most common clinical manifestations of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease include symptoms of dry eye disease, blepharitis, and keratoretinitis. This is a significant clinical concern and may adversely affect patient quality of life. Nevertheless, with timely collaboration between allergists and ophthalmologists and the implementation of appropriate pharmacological treatment, effective symptom control is usually achievable, and complete discontinuation of dupilumab therapy is rarely required. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism underlying the development of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease in order to establish appropriate preventive strategies and treatment approaches.