Myopia is one of the most significant public health issues in modern paediatric ophthalmology. The rapid rise in its prevalence among children, coupled with the risk of developing high myopia and associated complications, means that measures aimed at slowing the progression of the condition are becoming increasingly important. In recent years, there have been significant advances in methods for controlling myopia, including environmental interventions, pharmacological treatment with low-concentration atropine, and optical solutions utilising specialised spectacle lenses, soft contact lenses and orthokeratology. Numerous randomised trials and long-term clinical observations confirm the effectiveness of these methods in limiting the progression of myopia and slowing axial elongation of the eyeball. This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding the management of myopia in children, with particular emphasis on the results of the most important clinical trials published in recent years and current expert recommendations. The effectiveness, safety, advantages and limitations of individual therapeutic methods are discussed, as well as the practical aspects of patient selection and treatment monitoring. Effective myopia control requires a personalised approach and long-term cooperation between the doctor, the patient and their carers.