Neovascular glaucoma is an aggressive form of secondary angle-closure glaucoma that can potentially lead to blindness. It is characterized by neovascularization of the iris and the drainage angle. The proliferation of fibrovascular tissue within the drainage angle leads to the formation of peripheral anterior synechiae and an increase in intraocular pressure. Neovascular glaucoma develops as a consequence of ischemia and hypoxia in the posterior segment of the eye. The ischemic retina produces pro-angiogenic factors. The most important factor in the process of neovascularization is vascular endothelial growth factor. The most common underlying causes of neovascular glaucoma are diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, and ocular ischemic syndrome. The course of neovascular glaucoma can be divided into four stages: pre-rubeosis stage, iris rubeosis, secondary open-angle glaucoma, and secondary angle-closure glaucoma. Management of neovascular glaucoma focuses on treating retinal ischemia, controlling neovascularization, and reducing intraocular pressure. The aim of treatment is to prevent vision loss through panretinal photocoagulation, intravitreal and intracameral anti-VEGF injections, and glaucoma treatment, including pharmacological therapy and surgical procedures. It is essential to address the underlying disease.